Category: Uncategorized

• add packages to requirements.in
• then create a new requirements.txt with docker-compose run --rm web pip-compile requirements.in > requirements.txt
• docker-compose exec web pip install -r requirements.txt or just simply docker-compose build web

This is really incredible but django has an extremely unfortunate default CACHE setting that is not ok for production environments, it defaults to a local memory cache that is not shared between different gunicorn or uwsgi workers. As a result, each worker can have a different state, even database values might differ in a django form!

Read here https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25052248/django-default-cache and here https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6422440/django1-3-multiple-gunicorn-workers-caching-problems

Solution: Set up memcached (apt get install memcached also you need to enable sockets if you want to use unix sockets, otherwise change the below config to use tcp instead) and set up django to use that cache backend in production environments:

CACHES = {
    'default': {
        'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
        'LOCATION': 'unix:/var/run/memcached/memcached.sock',
    }
}

In the models.py (it’s an extended ForeignKey field:

from cms.models.fields import PageField


faq_page_link = PageField()

How to use it in a template?

<a href="{{ instance.get_absolute_url }}">Demo Link to the FAQ Page</a>

Todo: What form widgets are available and how can they be configured on a PageField model field?

Nobody told you in business school, I bet.

1. Who needs a GmbH or AG?

You can start your business as a Einfache Gesellschaft. No need to spend money for a GmbH or AG. Einfache Gesellschaft allows you to use any business name you like, open a Swiss bank account in the company name (just sign a simple shareholder agreement Gesellschafter-Vertrag) and use the company name for your postal address.

If the financial risk of your business is going beyond 20k CHF you should consider founding a GmbH as the Einfache Gesellschaft doesn’t protect you as an individual from claims against the company.

2. Contracting individuals in Switzerland

Switzerland is a liberal country and contracting somebody for a job or a project is a breeze? I am sure everybody would agree, except the SVA. When it comes to social security, self-employed must prove their independence because SVA wants to protect regular employees from being forced into self-employment by their employer to save social security contributions. Before you sign an agreement with a self-employed individual, you should ask him/her for written confirmation letter from the SVA that proves his/her self-employed status.

Here is what can happen if you don’t: If you contract someone who is not recognized as self-employed and the SVA notices – and they eventually will because SVA have access to tax statements – your company will be subject to fines and back payment. The biggest cost (and pain) for your company however will be the administrative effort involved in figuring out all those contracting engagements years back.

Note that this only applies to contractors based in Switzerland because only those are subject to social security contributions to SVA.

3. VAT – register early

The ESTV (Swiss federal tax office) requires you to sign up for paying VAT for the year in which you surpass CHF 100k in revenue. Beware, don’t just wait for this to happen in the middle of your business year – you haven’t charged VAT on your invoices from earlier in that year. If later in the year you find out that your business will surpass 100k CHF in revenue, you will be forced to retroactively charge your clients the VAT. Decide on the first day of the year whether your company is likely to do more than 100k of revenue in the next 12 months and if yes charge VAT on your invoices from the very first day on.

4. Bezugssteuer

You might rejoice when you hear that your business doesn’t pay VAT on anything purchased or contracted from outside Switzerland. But nobody has told you about the Bezugssteuer. Make sure you pay Bezugssteuer whenever there is no VAT on the invoice you receive from a company outside of Switzerland, The Bezugssteuer is due even on that Cloud subscription of yours.

5. Dividends & Verrechnungssteuer

Congratulations, your company is doing good and you would like to take out some money of the company. Slow down – ESTV will only accept payments from the company to individuals as dividends if 1) your company declares earnings in its financial statement at the end of the business year 2) some of these earnings are declared to be paid out on a specific date as dividends in the protocol of the shareholder meeting.

We’re not done yet. Dividends are subject to Verrechnungssteuer. Your company is required to pay 35% of the dividend directly to ESTV. Yes that’s right, your shareholders only receive 65% of the dividends. They have to reclaim the rest via their personal tax declaration in the following year. Therefore it is good practise to define the 31.12. of the year as dividend payout date, as the shareholders then can reclaim it in their tax declaration only shortly after. It’s pretty crazy but even so some time will pass until all the money is where it belongs: year 1: financial statement of the company, year 2: dividend payment, year 3: personal tax declaration of the shareholder, year 4: ESTV pays back the Verrechnungssteuer. Four more years! 🤯

What if you (as a shareholding individual) need the money right away? If your company makes a payment to you the ESTV will classify it as salary and you will pay full SVA social contributions and income taxes on it (after the earnings of your company already got taxed). That sure hurts. It’s therefore better to receive this money as a Gesellschafter Kontokorrent loan. The money technically still belongs to the company (and you have to pay due interest for the loan to your company) but you don’t have to declare it as income in your personal tax statement and can offset the loan later against the dividend payment.

There is no incentive anymore to keep the shareholder’s loans up for longer than needed, so in most cases it’s best to settle them as soon as possible. For dividends, Federal income tax is discounted by 40% while the Staats- und Gemeindesteuer in the Canton of Zurich is discounted by 50% in order to reduce double taxation of company earnings.

Disclaimer: This is not legal advice which means you are discouraged to base your decisions on this article. Consult a lawyer.

tl;dr

• Stick with the values recommended by Google Analytics for source and medium UTM tags
• Keep the campaign UTM tag in the same format across all different advertising networks / channels. For the same campaign, use the same name across different network / channels.
• Assign ownership for UTM tagging to one single person to protect your Google Analytics data quality
• Don’t use UTM tags on internal links as they overwrite the origin of your user sessions and thus destroy your acquisition data.
• No room for mistakes as Google Analytics acquisition data is immutable. Your UTM parameter tracking will stay with you for live.

Why marketeers should read this

With great power comes great responsibility. You might not be aware of the fact that anyone with the power to create a link to your page (or even just browse it) has the power to impact the source / medium (Aquisition > Channel Attribution) data of your Google Analytics reports by adding UTM parameters to the end of the URL.

Marketeers use UTM parameters to attribute the source and type of user sessions on their websites. For example if a marketeer purchases some advertising on a news website, the marketeer will send not only the URL to his/her own website landing page (to which the ads should link) but he/she will prep the URL with Google Analytics UTM parameters. Like this, the marketeer will know how many users came from that news website.

Marketeers in charge of bigger websites will have many different active traffic sources at any given time. Google ads, bing ads, facebook organic content, facebook paid ads, email marketing, … and many more. For all these online marketing activity the marketeer will want to know how many user sessions they deliver for any given period of time, so he/she can determine the return on advertising investment on any single traffic source.

How you should track user sessions from Facebook in Google Analytics

Let’s take Facebook for example. For many professional marketeers, Facebook is more than just a traffic source, it’s at least three: 1) Users clicking on links in third-party posts on Facebook. These we can’t control and they will just show up as social traffic from Facebook. 2) Users that click on links on our own business posts on Facebook. Since we can control the content of such posts, we want to use UTM tags for those links 3) Users that click on our paid ads on Facebook. These we want to distinguish from the previous two traffic sources by using UTM tags.

Here are the most important utm parameters that Google Analytis recognizes.

utm_source: In Google Analytics, the source field of a user session is one of the most important pieces of information. Adding utm_source to a link will override the source that is determined by Google Analytics automagically. For example, a user that comes to your website from Facebook.com will create a user session in Google Analytics with the source facebook.com As this value is used in other parts of Google Analytics we recommend to not alter this behaviour and only use the real domain from where traffic is coming from. So, for Facebook posts or paid ads, you would always use a link like https://your-website.com/landing-page/?utm_source=facebook.com&utm_...

utm_medium: In Google Analytics, the medium field of a user session is the most important piece of information. Adding utm_medium to a link will override the medium that is determined by Google Analytics. Google Analytics automagically recognizes traffic mediums such as: organic, none (for direct traffic), referral, cpc, social. Medium is heavily relied on by Google Analytics to create the default channel grouping. Read more about recognized values here: https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/3297892 – We recommend to stick to these conventions under any circumstance.

utm_campaign: In Google Analytics, the campaign field of a user session is heavily relied upon by the Campaign tab which includes Google Ads. Google Ads Auto-tagging feature will use the campaign names in Google Ads to populate the campaign field in Google Analytics automagically. Beware: Google Analytics will update the campaign field even retroactively if the Google Ads campaign names are changed. We therefore recommend to create guidelines for campaign naming across all paid media networks, including Google Ads, Facebook Ads, and that news website you have booked ads with, too. This essentially means, that you define a global name for your campaigns, and that same campaign name is then used for all media, manually by setting the utm_campaign parameter or automatically via Google Ads campaign names. A good naming convention for campaigns is as follows:

DE_CH_Autumn_Campaign_2020

or a bit more machine-readable (this is useful for bigger marketing teams and marketing activities with dozens of different campaigns for filtering and automation):

[l:DE][c:CH][n:Autumn_Campaign_2020]

utm_content: In Google Analytics, the content field is reserved for further information about the ad or text around the link that was clicked upon. This field is normally not set by Google Analytics, so it’s left for you to fill with information for your ad campaigns.

Are there UTM parameters in internal links on your website?

Sometimes a marketeer would like to know whether users have clicked on a specific button, teaser or other element on their journey to a key page. It is best practise to add a query parameter such as https://your-website.com/?journey=homepage-teasers to such elements. These query parameters are then registered by Google Analytics as part of the page path of the pages visited by users. A marketeer can then filter user sessions by such a query parameter and determine what share of users have reached a key page via such elements.

Mistakenly, sometimes, UTM tags are used for such objectives. This is wrong and UTM parameters should be removed urgently from internal links when found.

Why is this so bad? The scope of UTM tagging is to determine where user sessions on your website originate. UTM parameters on internal links will overwrite this information and it is forever lost. Campaign tracking will be wrong, as some of the user sessions that should belong to a campaign of yours will loose that attribution as the UTM source / medium tags will take precedence when the user clicks on an internal link using UTM tagging on your website.

Oops I did it all wrong. Can it be fixed?

Bummer.

Most Google Analytics data, including source, medium, campaign and content fields are immutable – this data cannot be deleted or changed in Google Analytics – for the rest of your life.

The only thing you can do is correct the wrong UTM parameters as quickly as possible to at least have correct acquisition data in Google Analytics in the future.

Conclusion

It’s best not to sway too much from the default Google Analytics way of classifying incoming user sessions with the source and medium dimensions.

When more than one person is involved in campaigning and online marketing activities, designate one person to have ownership of the UTM parameter setting process. This person should provide UTM parameters for any campaigning activities. Such central management of UTM tags make sure that Google Analytics doesn’t stop making sense without anyone noticing.

This is a simple script to check whether URLs are reachable over HTTP(S). This comes in handy for example when a project has many different (secondary) domains that redirect to the main domain.

#!/bin/bash


urls=(
    "http://domain1.com",
    "https://domain1.com",
    
    "http://domain2.com",
    "https://domain2.com",
    
    "...",
) 

# remove commas
for i in "${!urls[@]}"; do     
   urls[$i]=${urls[$i]//,}
done

#for i in "${!urls[@]}"; do     
#    echo "$i"
#    echo "${urls[$i]}"
#done
#exit 0


for i in "${!urls[@]}"; do
    echo "Checking status of ${urls[$i]}"
    code=`curl -sL --connect-timeout 20 --max-time 30 -w "%{http_code}\\n" "${urls[$i]}" -o /dev/null`

    echo "Found code $code for '${urls[$i]}'"

    if [ "$code" = "200" ]; then
        echo "Website '${urls[$i]}' is online."
        online=true
        sleep 3
    else
        echo "Website '${urls[$i]}' seems to be offline. Waiting $timeout seconds."
        echo "Monitor finished with failures, at least one website appears to be unreachable."
        exit 1
    fi
done

echo "Monitor finished, all good."
exit 0

Traditionally, in any kind of publishing business there has always been a big gap between designers and implementation. We come from a world, where after the designers were done, whoever needed to implement designs had to spend a lot of work importing the artwork into his work environment.

In modern web development, for the first time in the history of mankind, smooth, integrated handovers between designers and developers are in our reach! Here is how.

Common design handover pitfalls

For website projects, the handover between the design phase and the development phase can be difficult and time consuming. Here are a couple of reasons why:

• Size: Some designs look smaller when looking at them as mockups than after they are implemented as websites. This is then a big surprise for customers. If this happens, sometimes a complete redo is needed!
• Grid: Design mockups that dont respect a standard grid like bootstrap4 are hard to implement!
• Tools and Formats: Source file formats that are not intended for web design (such as Adobe Indesign) cause severe headaches amongst frontend developers.
• Assets: If not all the assets are available in the quality required (vector shapes such as SVG icons, high-res images, webfonts, etc.) or the assets are not exportable from design tools, the frontend developers need to ask back, causing delays and unnecessary communication loops.
• Process: Frontend development is really challenging when there are last minute changes and many feedback iterations, because frontend development requires a lot of time and therefore is costly.

Read on to learn how we resolve these issues.

1. Size Matters

Have you ever read “Objects In The Mirror Are Closer Than They Appear” on a side-view mirror? The same happens to mockups. They often look smaller than they will appear once implemented in code. Also, designers often work with very big screens 19 or 22 inches, while clients often use their business laptops at 13 or 15 inches.

Recommendations for Designers:

• Use 1920px (wide screen version) and 1440px (normal desktop screen version) for the artboard width itself and 1170px for the content width. A suitable sketch template can be found here.
  • This setup allows a frontend developer to see what elements should stretch out to full screen width, and what elements are limited by the content width.
  • The 1170px content width will allow the client to preview the design in its full width even on smaller screens and in general is aesthetically pleasing.
• Main body content should be between 16px and 20px, and other sizes (e.g. H1) should be relative to that
• Show the mockups to the client in a way that is not zoomable. Use a design hand-off tool (see below) – why? It doesn’t auto-scale the mockups based on the window width of the browser. If you use images or PDF, the content of the window is auto-scaled based on the window width of the browser or image preview tool on the client’s computer. Alternative: Send the client an HTML where the mockups are added as background image of the body element (<html><body style="background-image: url('img/mockup1.jpg'); height: 3500px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center top;"></body></html>)

2. Design Grid

These days, most websites are implemented using a responsive grid. Using a grid ensures that websites are readable and look good on many different devices and screen sizes and makes web frontend programming more efficient and robust.

The most commonly used grid is part of the Bootstrap v4 frontend framework, but there are also other grids on the market. Creating website designs and mockups that are compatible with such grids is a industry wide best practise.

Recommendations for Designers:

We recommend that you always use a standard 12 or 24 columns Bootstrap v4 grid. There are many templates that facilitate designing for a responsive grid, here are some examples:

• Bootstrap4 grid helper for Adobe XD
• Bootstrap4 grid helper for Sketch

3. Tools and Formats

These days, Designers that would like to provide assets to frontend developers overwhelmingly use Design Hand-Off Tools – see here for an intro: Design Hand-Off Tools.

Legacy or print software is a huge headache for Frontend Developers, as assets are rarely exportable in a quality / format that is apt for web development.

Recommendations for Designers:

Use a Design Hand-Off Tool that has a web interface. There are currently these options:

• Sketch (web based, sketch.cloud)
• XD (web based)
• Avocode (web based)
• Zeplin (web based)
• Invision (web based, also note that there is Invision Studio, it’s free.)

Further Notes:

• Permissions: Make sure you assign permissions so that the web-based inspectors are available to frontend developers. Beyond link-sharing it’s best to invite frontend developers with their email addresses and assign all available permissions to them.
• Exportability: shapes (such as SVG icons), images and text should be selectable separately, and exportable in high quality.

4. Assets

Even when using such a tool, hand-offs remain tricky, because it’s not always intuitive for designers to organise designs in a way that makes single images and shapes exportable.

Recommendations for Designers:

Images: Images need to be exportable from the web inspector in an optimized format (jpg or png) – make sure transparency still works!

Text: text properties (such as text size, text decoration, text style, font-family, etc.) should be properly displayed in the tool, when selecting the text. Text copy should be selectable for copy and paste.

Styles: it’s important that properties such as border radius, shadows, height, width, etc. is properly displayed in the tool, when selecting a box or other type of layout.

Gradients: If the design has almost-unnoticeable gradients (eg for visibility of the text on top of bright images) – mention them explicitly during the hand-over, otherwise they might go unnoticed and end up being excluded from the project estimates.

Source files: Upload source files (.xd or .sketch) to Google Drive.

Non-exportable assets: If the inspector doesnt allow to export some assets, upload and share them on Google Drive.

Do not use tools that provide links that expire after some time, as information might get lost that way. Think about vector shapes (SVGs), images, stock photos, videos and web fonts

File names: Please give your assets speaking file names so that the frontend developer doesn’t have to rename assets.

Fonts: Please use a Google Font. If that’s not possible, help us by uploading a zip file of the web fonts to Google Drive. If you only have .ttf fonts you can create a web font package on https://www.fontsquirrel.com/tools/webfont-generator

Paid Assets: Normally, the client is purchasing any paid assets directly via credit card. While working on a design proposal that includes assets that need to be purchased, you can use preview or trial material, other sources (i.e. fonts you have already installed, etc.) for the mockups. Upon design approval you can create a gitlab issue on the respective Gitlab project, asking the client to purchase the corresponding assets. Please include the direct links to the items to be purchased for the convenience of the client.

Google Drive: In order to enable frontend developers to work efficiently, it’s important that all your source files are in the project’s Google Drive folder and that you keep them updated at all times so that the frontend developer always have access to the latest version.

If you dont have access to the project’s shared folder on Google Drive request access with the responsible project manager

Do not change the file name after updating a source file (i.e. do not add a version or date to the filename). Google Drive automatically creates a new version of the file if the file name is the same. The old versions are still accessible via the context menu (right click on the file).

5. Process

Frontend designers expect signed-off, highly accurate (pixel-perfect) design mockups that leave no room for interpretation.

Recommendations for Designers:

First Steps:

1. Join the team on Slack! As a designer you are a crucial part of every project. Therefore please join the project channel on the what-digital slack organisation
2. Join the project! Please ask for access to the gitlab project where all the tasks are managed.
3. Join Google Drive! Also ask for access to the project’s shared folder on Google Drive so that you have A) access to any existing design assets and other briefing material and B) can upload (and keep up-to-date) the source files you create.

Sign-off: In order to avoid loops and work done multiple times, get a full design sign-off based on your finalized mockups before handing them off to the frontend developer. The Frontend Developer doesnt expect the designs to change anymore.

Pixel-perfectness: As a designer, be aware that Frontend Developers will take your mockups literally. Make sure you are 100% accurate in every aspect of the design before you your work over. What you see is what you get.

Technical Requirements Documentation: Ask the developer to share his technical requirements documentation. Developers specify their point of view on the business logic and how they would like to solve certain challenges. By providing feedback on the developer view you can push the project in the right direction from the start.

Hand-over Meeting: Organize a hand-over meeting (we use Slack or Google Meet for online meetings) so you can go through your designs with the Frontend Developer. The “sound track” helps to provide context and avoid misunderstandings.

Responsiveness: Sometimes designing only one breakpoint (i.e. only desktop, or only mobile) saves a huge amount of time and avoids over-specification. Frontend developers are used to create responsiveness websites and can extrapolate your designs independently.

Design Review: Ask the frontend developer to schedule a design review with you once he’s done so that you can give feedback, resolve open questions and influence the final touches, before the work is handed over to the client for approval.

What?? Yes, it’s possible!

You can log into Google services like Google Drive or Google Photos with your existing your.name@your-business.com or your.name@gmx.de email address.

Some context: A Google Account and a gmail address are not the same thing. A Google Account is required to log into Google services such as gmail, google drive, youtube, etc. Login with Google even lets you use your Google Account (instead of a username and password) to log into third-party services that support it.

Note: When you create a gmail address a Google Account is automagically created with it.

Google lets you create a Google Account for any email address, specifically for your work address.

Why does it matter?

Other people might want to add you to Google services. If you don’t have a Google Account on your work address, these people will see this error, here is an example from Google Analytics:

It’s recommended to use your official work address for Google (and other) services you use for work, instead of your private (or secondary) gmail address. This way, system administrators can identify individuals when looking at a list of authorized users which increases security for everybody at your company. Nobody knows who frank_82@gmail.com is, but everybody can recognize frank.mueller@yourcompany.com.

How? Here is how to create a Google Account with your non-gmail email address:

1. Go to https://accounts.google.com/signup/
2. Click on Use my current email address instead
3. Enter your official work email address
4. Finalize the registration providing the required information

If Google complains that there is already a Google Account for this email address, then please click on Sign in instead and sign in, use the Forgot password? link to recover your password if necessary.

Now your work email address (respectively the Google Account attached to it) can be used by other people to add you to Google Services, for example Google Analytics.